Timeline
18th June 1868
[Miklós] Horthy is born in Kenderes
1882
Miklós Horthy joins the Austro-Hungarian navy
November 1889
Becomes ship-of-the-line Lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Navy
1901
Miklós Horthy and Magdolna Purgly got married.
1909
Becomes Aide-de-Camp to Franz Josef in Vienna
1st March 1918
Becomes the Chief Commandant and an Admiral of the Austro-Hungarian fleet
17th October 1918
Hungary proclaims its independence
11th November 1918
End of the First World War
20 March 1919
Fernand Vix French Lieutenant Colonel handed over to Hungary's representatives the record of the Peace Conference to the representatives of...
March 21 1919
The Hungarian government refuses to sign the Vix-referendum. As a result of negotiations between the Social Democrat and the Communist...
25 March 1919
Political Committee of the Hungarian Soviet Republic enacts a decree about introducing martial law.
3 April 1919
A decree is enacted about confiscation of latifundiums and middle sized estates
12 April 1919
Under the leadership of István Bethlen the anticommunist "Antibolsevist Committee" is formed in Vienna
26 April 1919
Czecho-Slovakian troops cross the Northern borders
30 April 1919
Romanian troops march into East Hungary
5 May 1919
Gyula Károlyi forms a counter-government in Arad
30 May 1919
The Hungarian Red army launches an operation to reoccupy the northern territories of the country
30 May 1919
A new counter-government is formed under the leadership of Gyula Károlyi due to the merge of the anti-bolshevik committee and...
12 June 1919
Horthy resigns from the post of the War Minister in the Károlyi government and takes over the Leadership of the...
1919 június 18-24
Counter-revolutionary uprisings in the Great Plain. In return the so-called Lenin-Fiúk [Lenin Boys], of the communist party launched reprisals terrorising...
20 July1919
The Hungarian Red Army launches a counter attack against the invading Romanian troops crossing the River Tisza.
1 August 1919
The Romanian army crosses the river Tisza and advances Budapest, the Hungarian capital city. The Soviet Republic collapses, the leaders...
4 August 1919
the Romanian army enters Budapest
9 August 1919 - 16 November 1919
On their way to their new headquarters, the detachments crossed the Great Plain, between the Danube and the Tisza, then...
16 November 1919
Horthy and the army entered Budapest.
4th February 1920
On behalf of the Allied Powers the committee of ambassadors declared that the return of a Habsburg monarch would be...
1st March 1920
Horthy Elected as Regent of Hungary
4th June 1920
Hungarian Prime Minister Sándor Simonyi-Semadan and two members of his government sign the final peace agreement of the First World...
19th July 1920
A new government is formed under the leadership of Pál Teleki.
26th September 1920
The decree of numerus clausus [1920/XXV]. Due to the loss of the universities in the territories seceded through Trianon, the...
6th April 1921
prohibiting extremism both in the civil and political sphere is pronounced, under which the Hungarian Social Democratic Party could not...
14th April 1921
Prime Minister Count Pál Teleki, whose divided loyalty had led to indecisiveness during King Karl’s visit, resigns. Regent Miklós Horthy...
4th October 1921
Pál Prónay and the Rongyosgárda he commanded, declares the independence of the territories occupied by them in western Hungary, naming...
20th October 1921
Karl IV’s second attempt to regain power and with military force if necessary. However, due to the slow advance of...
6th November 1921
The Hungarian Parliament decrees the withdrawal of the royal rights of Karl IV and all succeeding Habsburg monarchs. This decree...
14th-16th December 1921
The referendum is held in Sopron and eight other towns in the region which, according to Trianon, were to join...
December 22nd 1921
Prime Minister István Bethlen, and Károly Peyer, leader of the Social Democratic Party, sign an agreement. According to the document,...
8th May, 12th, 13th, 14th & 15th,June 1922
Parliamentary elections are held in Hungary. In accordance with the new Parliamentary Election law, of the 215 constituencies, 195 are...
23rd August 1922
Hungary applies for membership of the League of Nations and joins on the 18th September.
6th April 1923
Hungary applies for a loan from the Committee of Reparations. Thanks to the support of Britain, a loan of 250...
20th May 1924
A law reforming Hungarian Secondary School education [1924/XI.] is published.
September 1924
Hungarian and Soviet diplomats sign agreements renewing diplomatic and commercial relations between the two states. The agreements are never ratified...
24th March 1926
Kúnó Klebersberg minister of religion and education proposes a law [1926/VII.] founding and maintaining the so-called ‘People’s Academies’, which brings...
15th November 1926
The Hungarian Parliament publishes a law [1926/XXII.] re-establishing the Upper House.
2nd December 1926
The minister of religion and education, Kúnó Klebersberg proposes a law reforming schools and colleges for girls [1926/XXIV.]
1st January 1927
To replace the devalued Golden Crown a new currency, the Pengő, is introduced.
5th April 1927
Prime Minister István Bethlen and Benito Mussolini sign the so-called ‘eternal friendship’ agreement.
4th August 1928
A law is introduced providing insurance for the elderly, disabled, widows and orphans.
30th November 1928
The Polish-Hungarian economic agreement is signed in Warsaw.
18th October 1929
Wall Street Crash.
June 1930
In London, Prime Minister István Bethlen submits an application for a further loan from the League of Nations. After further...
1st September 1930
As a result of the Depression, during the first half of the year unemployment increases to 35%. More than 150,000...
1st June 1931
As the government faces an increasing number of attacks, István Bethlen asks Regent Horthy to dissolve parliament and call elections.
Summer of 1931
The Hungarian National Bank finally announces the loss of the majority of its capital. To avoid panic there is a...
19th August 1931
István Bethlen submits his resignation in the hope that after the Depression he can return to high office. A new...
31st August 1931
Through a decree the salary of civil servants and all state allowances are reduced. This austerity extends to the use...
13 September 1931
Szilveszter Matuska, a Csantavér-born salesman living in Vienna detonates a bomb on a railway bridge near Biatorbágy. The device explodes...
From March until 10th April 1932
During the German Presidential election, , Adolf Hitler’s campaign employs radical methods. Propaganda is disseminated via radio and film and...
June 1932
Zoltán Meskó, former member of the Conservative governing party founds the first Hungarian National Socialist Party [the Hungarian National Socialist,...
September 1932
Former Prime Minister István Bethlen, still one of the most influential members of the governing party, calls for the resignation...
October 1932
Gyula Gömbös introduced his government’s programme, the so-called 95-point National Work Programme, which included a foreign policy aimed at establishing...
20th March 1920
Miklós Horthy is elected to Regent of Hungary
22nd July 1933
A Hungarian German trade agreement is signed in Berlin opening the market for Hungarian grain in the Third Reich.
23rd to the 26th July 1933
Gyula Gömbös and foreign minister Kálmán Kánya travel to Rome as guests of Benito Mussolini to negotiate the possibility of...
1st September 1933
Hungary and Italy sign a trade agreement for 130,000 tonnes of wheat.
27th November 1933
the University of Debrecen is closed for a week following anti-Semitic riots.
14th-18th March 1934
Following Benito Mussolini’s proposal, Italian/Hungarian/ Austrian trade negotiations take place in Rome, resulting in the so-called Roman Minutes signed on...
25th July 1934
Austrian National Socialist activists, supported by Berlin, assassinate Engelbert Dollfuss, the Austrian Chancellor. His successor, Kurt von Schuschnigg continues support...
2nd August 1934
President Paul von Hindenburg dies. Instead of announcing Presidential elections, Hitler’s government merges the post of Chancellor and President under...
9th October 1934
The Macedonian Croatian ‘Propaganda of Action Terrorist group’ assassinates Alexander II, King of Yugoslavia. The attack in Marseilles kills both...
5th March 1935
Regent Horthy, at the request of Gyula Gömbös, dissolves Parliament and announces elections.
6th and 7th March 1935
István Bethlen and his supporters leave the governing party and in his campaign speech the former Prime Minister outlines the...
March 1935
Following a referendum prescribed by the Paris Treaty of 1920, the Saar Valley is returned to Germany. In an announcement...
31st March – 4th April 1935
Parliamentary elections in the countryside are non-anonymous in 199 constituencies.
6th-7th April 1935
Parliamentary elections in Budapest. The Governing Party wins with a huge majority of the votes. The electorate is limited, by...
17th July 1935
Beginning of the Spanish Civil War, more than half a million Hungarian volunteers take part.
2nd October 1935
Italy attacks and occupies Abyssinia. This action evokes strong opposition in the League of Nations. Mussolini tries to build stronger...
12th March 1936
Kurt Schuschnig, Austrian Chancellor, visits Budapest.
1-16th August 1936
The 12th Summer Olympic Games are held in Berlin and become a major propaganda tool of the Third Reich.
22nd August 1936
During a private hunting trip in Austria, Regent Miklós Horthy visits Adolf Hitler over the border in Berchtesgaden. News of...
6th October 1936
After a long illness Gyula Gömbös dies in a sanatorium in Munich. His successor as Prime Minister, Kálmán Darányi, had...
25th – 27th October 1936
Germany and Italy agree to form the ’Berlin-Rome Axis’ governing the political co-operation of the two states. The name itself...
24th - 26th November 1936
The Hungarian Regent and his wife visit Rome where they are hosted by Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini.
25th November 1936
Japan and Germany sign the ’Anti-Comintern Pact’ directed against the Third Communist Internationalé.
15th March 1937
Members of the ‘village research movement’ - peasant-born, urban intellectuals – join the Association of University Students of Budapest to...
16th April 1937
the Home Secretary bans the ’Party of the Will of the Nation’, the first National Socialist party under the leadership...
19th–22nd May 1937
Viktor Emmanuel III, his wife and daughter the Princess Maria of Savoy, visit Budapest.
28th July 1937
The Hungarian Parliament passes the law [1937/XIX] concerning the succession of the Regent in accordance with which the Regent has...
23rd October 1937
The right wing parties merge under the leadership of Ferenc Szálasi. This is the Hungarian National Socialist Party.
28th November 1937
The Debrecen branch of the Hungarian National Socialist Party spreads leaflets proclaiming ‘Long live Miklós I’. The Regent himself responds...
1st January 1938
On the morning of New Year’s Day thousands of leaflets cover the streets of Budapest carrying just the words ‘1938,...
January 1938
Miklós Horthy and his elder son participate in a hunt in Poland at the invitation of Ignac Moscicki, the Polish...
16th February 1939
Count Pál Teleki forms a government.
21st February 1938
Home Secretary József Széll bans the Hungarian National Socialist Party.
21st February 1838
The Home Office bans Ferenc Szálasi’s party, the Hungarian National Socialist Party, claiming that it is identical with the previously...
5th March 1938
5th March 1938 The governing party, the National Unity Party, holds a meeting in Győr during which the Prime Minister...
12th-13th March 1938
To pre-empt Anschluss, an independence referendum is announced in Austria. This results in threats from Germany requiring Chancellor Schuschnigg to...
21st March 1938
Hungarian Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi, presumably following the example of the Bethlen Peyer pact, opens negotiations with Kálmán Hubay, leader...
4th May 1938
acknowledging his complete lack of support, Darányi submits his resignation to the Regent.
13th May 1938
In the hope that the strong connections between Béla, Chairman of the Hungarian National Bank, and the United Kingdom [he...
25th - 29th May 1938
The 34th International Eucharist Congress is held in Budapest celebrating the 900th anniversary of the death of King Saint István,...
29th May 1938
The Hungarian Parliament passes a law ‘Ensuring the Effective Balance of Hungarian Economic and Social Life’ better known as the...
6th July 1938
Ferenc Szálasi is convicted by Hungary’s highest court for his agitation against the political system.
August 1938
Hitler offers the return of the Felvidék [Upper Hungary] should Hungary attack Czechoslovakia. Following the Treaty of Trianon [1920] this...
29th August 1938
Representatives of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania accept Hungary’s equal right to arm in the Bled treaty, in exchange for which...
3rd September 1939
The UK and France send an ultimatum demanding an end to German aggression, as this is ignored both countries declare...
29th September 1938
Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy sign an agreement in Munich which cedes the Sudetenland to Germany and forces Czechoslovakia...
4th October 1938
Béla Imrédy seeks the agreement of cabinet members on the suspension of Parliament but ministers refuse to cooperate in the...
9th October 1938
Negotiations begin between Hungary and Slovakia in Komárom on the return of Felvidék. [Slovakia had declared its independence two days...
2nd November 1938
The UK withdraws and Germany and Italy agree in Vienna the ceding of 11,000 square kilometres of Czechoslovakia to Hungary.
16th November 1938
In a protest against Béla Imrédy’s open attempt to create a dictatorship in the image of the German model, 62...
23rd November 1938
Béla Imrédy submits his resignation but it is at first refused by the Regent.
January 1939
During a hunt Regent Horthy gives permission for the 62 dissident MPs to remove Béla Imrédy.
6th January 1939
Béla Imrédy gives a speech in the Budapest Vigadó launching a right wing political movement. Thus the Hungarian Life Movement...
15th February 1939
1939 One of the 62 MPs, Károly Rassay, reveals Imrédy’s Jewish origins. Trapped by his own rhetoric the Prime Minister...
24th February 1939
Hungary joins the anti-Comintern pact.
25th February 1939
The Home Office bans the National Socialist Hungarian Party and its background military organization the Hungarist Movement.
15th March 1939
The German army occupies Bohemia and Moravia annexing them under the name of the Bohemian Moravian Protectorate. Hungarian troops march...
5th May 1939
The second anti-Jewish law IV/1939 is announced which limits the total number of Jewish students in the first year at...
28th-29th May 1939
The first election where all voters could remain anonymous is held in which a coalition of right-wing parties wins an...
23rd August 1939
The foreign ministers of Germany and the Soviet Union, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vladislav Mihailovitch Molotov, sign a neutrality pact:...
25th August 1939
UK and France guarantee the independence of Poland.
1st September 1939
German soldiers dressed in Polish uniform occupy the radio station of Gleiwitz, a small German town next to the Polish...
17th September 1939
The Soviet Army also crosses the Polish border from the east and marches to the line set down in the...
21st September 1939
The Hungarian government officially opens the border to Polish refugees. Between 1939 and 1944 around 100 thousand people found shelter...
5th October 1939
Decree 5399/1939 of the Interior Ministry is announced in accordance with which every man between the age of 14 and...
28th November 1939
In an attack similar to that on Wielun by the Germans, the Soviet Union bombs the Soviet town of Mainila...
Winter of ‘39/’40
German-British submarine war in the Atlantic.
1940
Effects of the war are becoming perceptible in everyday life in Hungary. The Minister for Agriculture orders that bakers use...
13th March 1940
The Red Army occupies Uiipuri and, on the same day, the two countries sign a ceasefire agreement in Moscow which...
17th March 1940
The Hungarian Prime Minister Pál Teleki deposits 5 million US dollars in a Washington Bank through ambassador János Pelényi, in...
April – 9th June 1940
British and French troops arrive in Naruik Norway to fortify the Swedish border, however they are forced to withdraw after...
9th April 1940
German troops occupy Denmark in just a few hours and, on the same day, begin an operation against Norway securing...
May 1940
The UK occupies Iceland, at that time part of Denmark, in order to prevent a German landing on the island.
9th May 1940
German troops march into neutral Luxembourg.
10th May 1940
Germany occupy Holland
11th-14th May 1940
Germany occupies Belgium
15th May 1940
Refusing Hitler’s peace offer Britain starts to bomb the Ruhr Valley.
June – August 1940
The Luftwaffe begins heavy air attacks on the British fleet in the channel and on air bases on the south...
10th June 1940
Italy declares war on Britain.
14th June 1940
German troops occupy Paris.
28th June 1940
The Soviet Union calls on Romania to hand over Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.
30th August 1940
Germany and Italy make a ruling on the territorial dispute between Hungary and Romania. According to the so-called Second Vienna...
9th September 1940
An Italian operation begins against Egypt
September – October 1940
The Luftwaffe bombs London. This first operation of the Battle of Britain, while devastating for civilians, failed to bring the...
22nd September 1940
Ferenc Szálasi is released from prison with an amnesty handed down by the Regent and immediately regains the leadership of...
27th September 1940
The Arrow Cross party merges with the United Hungarian National Socialist Party.
4th October 1940
The Christian National Socialist Front merges with the National Arrow Cross Party.
October 1940
The Arrow Cross party works behind the scenes to support a national miners’ strike. As disruption increases the party withdraws...
28th October 1940
Italy launches an operation against Greece.
20th November 1940
Hungary joins the Tripartite Pact followed by Romania two days later on the 22nd and by Slovakia on the 23rd.
11th-12th February 1940
Taking advantage of the frozen Gulf of Finland, the Soviet Army is able to go around the fortified Mannerheim Line...
12th December 1940
Yugoslavia and Hungary sign an Eternal Friendship Agreement in which they guarantee that they will settle their disputes through negotiation.
February 1941
To support Italy in Greece and northern Africa, Germany deploys the so-called Africa Corps with this move a third front...
26th March 1941
Yugoslavia joins the Tripartite Pact.
27th March 1941
Following this a group of military officers, believing that Germany cannot win a war against Britain, carry out a coup...
28th March 1941
Hitler decides to occupy Yugoslavia and orders the Hungarian government to take part in the military operation.
3rd April 1941
Prime Minister Pál Teleki, possibly under the pressure of the situation, commits suicide.
6th April 1941
During the funeral procession for the Prime Minister, the first air raid siren sounds in Budapest. Yugoslavia bombs Pécs and...
10th April 1941
Croatia declares its independence.
11th April 1941
The Hungarian government joins the German attack declaring that Yugoslavia no longer exists following Croatia’s departure.
12th April 1941
German troops occupy Belgrade. Adolf Hitler calls on the Hungarian government to cross the pre-Trianon boundaries [‘historical boundaries’ in contemporary...
16th April 1941
The so called Gyorshadtest [the ‘rapid corp’, the most modern and best equipped unit of the Royal Hungarian Army] crosses...
27th April 1941
German troops occupy Athens.
10th May 1941
Rudolph Hess, Hitler’s second-in-command, flies a Messerschmitt BF109 to Britain. It is not clear why but perhaps to negotiate Hitler’s...
30th May 1941
British troops enter Baghdad.
8th June 1941
British, French and Polish troops enter Syria.
15th June 1941
Croatia joins the Tripartite Pact. The only part of the former Yugoslavia, that lived on as an independent state, became...
19th June 1941
Henrik Werth, chief of the Hungarian General Staff and Franz Halder, Commander of the General Staff of the German Army...
22nd June 1941
Without declaring war Germany launches an attack on the USSR.
23rd June 1941
Molotov, the Soviet Foreign Minister, summons József Kristóffy, the Hungarian Ambassador in Moscow, and offers that, as the Soviet Union...
26th June 1941
The city of Kassa is bombed by planes with their roundels painted over, it is still unclear from which country...
28th June 1941
Hungarian troops cross the Hungarian-Soviet border.
9th July 1941
The Carpathian Corps is divided in two, the so-called Rapid Corps continues the attack under the command of the German...
10th July 1941
Hungarian troops occupy Kamianets-Podolskyi in the Ukraine.
12th July 1941
Britain and the Soviet Union sign a military agreement in Moscow excluding separate peace for the signatories.
8th August 1941
Completion of the decree 1894/XXXI which addresses the right of marriage with modifications relating to purity of race. The decree...
14th August 1941.
The USA and the UK enact the Atlantic Charts, laying down milestones of the post-war European reestablishment. The Polish government...
27th – 28th August 1941
The Einsatzgruppe C in Kamianets-Podolskyi, under the command of the SS, executes 23,000 Jewish people declared stateless and deported to...
9th September 1941
Regent Miklós Horthy, on the advice of his son, dismisses the Chief of his General Staff and appoints Ferenc Szombathelyi...
18th September 1941
A group of MPs, lead by Fidél Pálffy and László Baky, due to their numerous conflicts with Ferenc Szálasi leave...
19th September 1941
German troops occupy Kiev.
29th September 1941
MPs of the Hungarian National Socialist Party form a coalition with the Hungarian Reformation Party under the leadership of Béla...
2nd October 1941
The Army Group Centre of the Wehrmacht launches an attack on Moscow.
6th October 1941
Hungarian Army Command is established in Kiev.
October 1941
Deportation of the Jews in the German Reich begins, in the territory of the "Reichkomissariat Ostland" to the camps of...
16th October 1941
Romanian and German troops occupy Odessa.
28th October 1941
The so-called Rapid Corp crosses the River Donyeck.
16th November 1941
The German Army Group South completes the occupation of the Crimea.
29th November 1941
Britain sends an ultimatum to Hungary stating that His Majesty’s government will declare war if Hungary fails to withdraw its...
6th December 1941
A Soviet counter attack overpowers the German forces in Moscow.
6th December 1941 (2)
In accordance with the ultimatum, war is declared between Britain and Hungary.
7th December 1941
There is an unexpected Japanese attack on the US Navy base at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii, during the morning change...
8th December 1941
The US and Britain declare war on Japan. However, the USSR announces that it still considers the neutrality agreement with...
11th December 1941
Germany declares war on the US, for reasons that remain unclear as the tripartite pact did not oblige them to...
End of December 1941
István Horthy, elder son of the Regent, in a private meeting with László Bárdossy, agrees to the removal of the...
6-9th January 1942
Joachim von Ribbentrop, German Foreign Minister arrives in Budapest to participate in a hunt, organised by the Regent, in Mezőhegyes....
12-26 January 1942
In the re-occupied areas of Yugoslavia, Hungarian forces had to face partisan activity from the outset. In the final days...
20th January 1942
A conference is held in Wannsee led by SS Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, leader of the RSHA [Imperial Security Head Office]...
20th - 22nd January 1942
Wilhelm Keitel a German Field Marshall, leader of the OKW [Oberkommandant der Wehrmacht] comes to Budapest to agree the number...
29th January 1942
One of the most prominent members of the opposition in the Hungarian parliament, Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky demanded in a speech an...
1st February 1942
Vidkun Quisling forms a government in Norway.
4th February 1942
The chief of the General Staff Ferenc Szombathelyi orders an investigation into the Újvidék massacre. The chair of the committee...
12th February 1942
Dietrich von Jagow a German Ambassador in Budapest and Károly Bartha agree informally that members of the German Hungarian minority...
19th February 1942
a joint meeting of the two houses of the Hungarian Parliament elects István Horthy Vice Regent of Hungary, Béla Imrédy...
28th February 1942
the island of Java is occupied by Japanese forces.
8th March 1942
Rangoon is occupied by Japanese forces.
10th March 1942
Regent Miklós Horthy appoints Miklós Kállay Prime Minister, authorizing him to find a way for peace negotiations with the Allied...
15th March 1942
the Hungarian Historical Memorial Committee, including Social Democrats, Communists, progressive left-wing politicians and Christian Socialists and the so-called Népi writers...
27th March 1942
The first train to Auschwitz leaves France, departing from Compiègne and carrying approximately 1,100 people to the death camp.
28th – 29th March 1942
The first carpet bombing raid by the RAF targets Lübeck.
29th March 1942
The first train leaves the Czechoslovakian town of Poprád for Auschwitz.
11th April 1942
The first units of the second Hungarian Army departs for the Russian front.
18th April 1942
The American airforce bombs Tokyo.
12th May 1942
The Czechslovakian Parliament in Bratislava votes on article 68/1942 about the deportation of Jews. The only MP voting against was...
27th May 1942
Two members of the Czechslovakian Army in Exile, Sergeants Jan Kubiiš and Josef Gabčyk, assassinate Reinhard Heydrich, SS Obergruppenführer, based...
30th May 1942
The RAF bombs Cologne.
2nd June 1942
Approximately 6 months after the Hungarian declaration of war, the US Congress reciprocates.
7th – 8th June 1942
Prime Minister Miklós Kállay, visits Berlin to introduce his government to Hitler and the Führer instructs him to deport the...
9th June 1942
An SS unit destroys Lidice [a village 5 miles from Prague] following rumours that the partisans responsible for the assassination...
11th June 1942
The Soviet Union and the United States sign a military co-operation agreement.
19th – 25th June 1942
The Second Washington Conference. Churchill visits the US where negotiations take place on the possibility of supporting the Soviet Union....
28th June 1942
The Second Hungarian Army is involved in the operation of the German South Army Group on the banks of the...
30th June 1942
Rommel’s troops get to El Alamein. During the three week battle he fails to break through British lines.
1st July 1942
Sevastopol is occupied by German troops.
July–September 1942
The Hungarian-German Armed forces attempt to destroy the Soviet Camps established on the west side of the River Don.
8th July 1942
Two days after the Germans, the Second Hungarian Army arrives at the River Don, which becomes the front line for...
17th July 1942
The sixth German Army launches an attack on Stalingrad.
19th July 1942
Enactment of the Regulation of the Israelite Religions, commonly known as the fourth anti-Jewish law, according to which marriage between...
23rd July 1942
Rostov is occupied by German troops.
27th July 1942
German attack on the Caucasus.
31st July 1942 XIV/1942
is enacted banning Jews from participating in military service and setting out compulsory labour required of all Jewish men.
1st August 1942
German-Romanian troops occupy Sevastopol.
August 1942
Béla Lukács, chairman of the Hungarian Life Party with a group of his MPs, visits the Regent in the Castle...
4th August 1942
the first transport for Auschwitz from Belgium departs from the city of Mechelen with 999 Jewish people on board.
5th August - 1st September
The Hungarian tenth and twelfth light infantry divisions repel a Soviet attack launched from a camp at Korotoyak on the...
7th August 1942 (2)
Beginning of the first Battle of Korotoyak
7th August 1942
General Bernard Montgomery takes over command of the 8th British Army in North Africa with which a new era of...
12th – 18th August 1942
Winston Churchill and William Averell Harriman, President Roosevelt’s representative, travel to Moscow to, as Clementine Churchill remarked, visit the cannibal...
13 August 1942
Miklós Horthy orders the suspension of the case against Lieutenant Generals Ferenc Feketehalmi-Czeydner and László Deák, the two officers in...
15th – 18th August 1942
István Horthy, Vice Regent, requests leave from Company 1/1 of the Royal Hungarian Air Force, to spend three days in...
17th August 1942
The allied forces fail to take the occupied French port of Dieppe. During Operation Jubilee more than 6,000 soldiers are...
19th August 1942
The first day of the Siege of Stalingrad, one of the longest and bloodiest in history.
20th August 1942
Vice Regent István Horthy is killed while on a reconnaissance flight to the front.
27th August 1942
Funeral of István Horthy.
2nd September 1942
Gyula Károlyi, son-in-law of the Regent dies with his trainer László Tasnády, after his private aeroplane crashes into the Danube...
4th September 1942
Soviets launch the first night time air raid on Budapest
24th September 1942
Following his son’s advice, sent in his last letter from the Soviet front, Miklós Horthy asks Károly Bartha, renowned for...
9th -10th September 1942
The second Soviet air raid on Budapest.
17th October 1942
Dietrich von Jagow, the German Ambassador in Budapest, delivers a three-point demand, regarding the Hungarian Jews, to the Hungarian Foreign...
23rd October 1942 - 7th November
Second Battle at Al Alameine between troops of the British Commonwealth, led by Bernard Montgomery and
7th November 1942
Enactment of XX/1942 Memorial Law recording the gratitude of the nation to the late Vice Regent and introducing the title...
8th – 14th November 1942
America and Britain launch an attack on the colonies of Vichy France in North Africa [in accordance with the Second...
11th November 1942
German and Italian troops launch an attack on the Allied troops in the colonies of Vichy France. At the same...
18th November 1942
No. 96059/1942 Order of the Hungarian Defence Minister sets out compulsory forced labour for every Hungarian Jewish man, even for...
25th November 1942
Deportation of the Norwegian Jews begins.
2nd December 1942
The Hungarian Government rejects Dietrich von Jagow’s order to prepare Hungarian Jews for deportation.
27th December 1942
The head of the General Staff orders the Second Hungarian Army to hold its position along the River Don ’to...
10th January 1943
The Red Army starts to destroy the Sixth German Army’s occupation of Stalingrad.
12th – 13th January 1943
The Soviets launch an attack on the Seventh Light Infantry Division of the Second Hungarian Army from Urivi Camp on...
14th-16th January 1943
Winston Churchill and Franklin D Roosevelt meet in Casablanca and agree a landing in Sicily and declare that no ceasefire...
15th January 1943
An attack is launched from the Soviet camp of Schuche on the west bank of the River Don, destroying the...
18th January 1943
There is no active Hungarian unit in the Don Kanyar except the Third Army Corps which had been surrounded for...
24th January 1943
Gusztáv Jány, Chief Commandant of the Second Hungarian Army, devastated by the complete defeat, releases his famous order [294/2] which...
25th January 1943
Soviet troops take back Vornysh
30th January 1933
Baron von Hindenburg, President of Germany, appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor in the belief that the more statesmanlike vice-Chancellor, Franz von...
31st January 1943
The Sixth German Army at Stalingrad capitulates and the Commander Friedrich von Paulus is captured.
1st February 1943
Lieutenant-general Stomm Marcell,commander of the III. Army Corp of the 2nd Royal Hungarian Army dissmiss the unit under his control.
7th February 1943
Albert Szent-Györgyi, Nobel laureate, enjoying the support of all the Hungarian Parties and with the official nomination of Prime Minister...
11th February 1943
General Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel requests three Hungarian Army Corps to Serbia.
16th February 1920
First session of the Hungarian Parliament
March 1943 (2)
György Barcza, previously Hungarian ambassador in London, takes on the leadership of a committee secretly representing the Kállay government at...
12th March 1943
A new order from Gustav Jány, commander of the Second Hungarian Army, literally overrides the previous order, praising the bravery...
March 1943
Under the supervision of Dieter Wisliczeny Alois Brunner, Captain [Hauptsturmführer] of the SS starts the deportation of the Greek Jews.
27th March -5th April 1921
King Karl IV returns to Hungary and attempts to regain the throne and re-establish his authority.
30th March 1943
he Hungarian government declines the German government’s request to send forces to Serbia but agrees to reinforce the Ukrainian occupying...
2nd-5th April 1943
Prime Minister Miklós Kállay visits Rome to meet Benito Mussolini and Ettore Bastianini and has an audience with Pope Pius...
13th April 1943
Germany announces the discovery of a mass grave with more than 1000 executed Polish military officers on the outskirts of...
16th-18th April 1943
Regent Horthy visits Klessheim near Salzburg, headquarters of the Führer where Hitler demands, first, the dismissal of the Kállay government...
19th April 1943
The ghetto in Warsaw is systematically destroyed and all the captive inhabitants killed. By this time an organised resistance movement...
7th May 1943
In a letter responding to Hitler’s accusations in Klessheim, Horthy sets out his arguments. In a draft Horthy says ‘your...
12th-25th May 1943
Churchill visits Washington to participate in a two-week long conference with Roosevelt. They agree the dates of the Sicilian and...
17th May 1943
Vilmos Nagy, the Hungarian Defence Minister, being wary of the Waffen-SS recruitment in Hungary orders the Hungarian members of the...
19th May 1943
164600/1943 ELN 35, decree of the Hungarian Defence Minister orders a curfew between 10pm and 3am.
21st May 1943
Gyula Kovacs reports to the Head of the General Staff on the losses of the Second Hungarian Army. The Army...
1st June 1943
In accordance with the Klessheim agreement a decree allowing a second recruitment drive among the ethnic Germans is enacted which...
3rd June 1943
At the end of a conference in Algiers the French Committee of Liberation [CFLN] is established and accepted by the...
13th June 1943
Facing growing rightwing attack, Hungarian defence minister Vilmos Nagy resigns. Regent Horthy appoints Major General Lajos Csatay, who though still...
10th July 1943
efore sunrise the allied forces begin Operation Husky with 150,000 soldiers, 3,000 warships and 4,000 aircraft landing in Sicily.
19th July 1943
Allied air forces bomb Rome.
22nd July 1943
Palermo is occupied by American forces.
24th July 1943
Mussolini loses a vote of confidence in the Gran Consiglio del Fascismo [Grand Council of Fascism] with 19 to 7...
25th July 1943
Victor Emmanuel III announces to Mussolini that the new Prime Minister is Pietro Badoglio. Il Duce shows no resistance and...
28th July 1943
Pietro Badoglio dissolves the Italian Fascist Party and, assuring Germany of his support, starts peace negotiations with the Allied Forces.
Beginning of August 1931
France supplies relief of 5 million Francs to Hungary, this is not sufficient to prevent the failure of the economy.
19th August 1943
Deputy Foreign Secretary László Veress meets British officials in Istanbul, to negotiate the terms of a possible surrender.
22nd August 1943
Kharkiv is retaken by Soviet Forces.
24th August 1943
Smolensk is retaken by Soviet Forces.
Beginning of September – 1st October 1943
General Otto Hatz, on behalf of the Hungarian military intelligence office [VKF2], travels to Istanbul. On the 1st October a...
3rd September 1943
Italy signs an unconditional surrender with the Allies.
9th - 10th September 1943
László Veress, vice-secretary of the Hungarian Foreign Ministry signs a preliminary armistice agreement with the British Ambassador in Turkey, according...
12th September 1943
Otto Skorzeny SS Haupsturmführer [Captain] with his elite unit releases Mussolini from the Grand Hotel Campo Imperatore in the Sasso...
17th September 1943
The general staff of the Hungarian Occupation force in Ukraine begins withdrawal from Kiev.
17th September 1943 (2)
The general staff of the Hungarian Occupation force in Ukraine begins withdrawal from Kiev.
18th September 1943
Mussolini makes a radio speech in Munich in which he announces the establishment of the North Italian Social Republic with...
29th September 1943
Hungary opens diplomatic relations with the Salò republic without breaking her relationship with the Italian Kingdom.
13th October 1943
The Italian kingdom declares war on Germany.
10th November 1943
A modified version of the Marghrethe Plan is finalised, however the OKW postpones the operation as several of the specified...
28th November – 1st December 1943
The three allied leaders meet in Tehran.
30th September 1943
The OKW German General Staff presents the Marghrethe Plan [later also known as Marghrethe I] to Hitler. This outlines the...
10th December 1943
10th December 1943 Edmund Veesenmayer, economic adviser to the Third Reich, travels to Budapest from where he sends a 50-page...
14th December 1943
Court of the Hungarian General Staff reopens the case of the Újvidék massacre, at the end of the trial all...
6th January 1944
The First Hungarian Army occupies its defence positions in the Carpathian mountains, preparing for a Russian attack on the so-called...
8th January 1944
Those ex-members of the Grand Fascist Council who voted against Mussolini are tried in Verona, a city at this time...
10. January 1944.
A New "Information Office" from former officers of the Foreign Ministry under Paul Teleki came to exist in the Buda...
24th January 1924
The Hungarian National Bank is founded.
24th January 1944
The second Ukranian Front [part of the Red Army] launches an attack on the German base at Kaniv on the...
27th January 1944
The Leningradian, Volkhovian and Baltic Fronts [Red Army Units] break the circle of the German North Army Group around Leningrad.
2nd February 1944
Rivne is occupied by Soviet troops.
15th February 1944
Miklós Horthy writes to Hitler saying, amongst other things, ‘I am determined to defend the Hungarian borders against a possible...
26th February 1944
At a meeting of the National Defence Council, former Prime Minister István Bethlen, suggests the strategic occupation of South Transylvania...
26th-28th February 1944
Ion Antonescu visits Berlin where he assures Hitler of Romania’s loyalty, after which Hitler drops the Margarethe Plan II –...
29th February 1944
The OKW announces the detailed order for the preparation of the occupation of Hungary to the General Staff of the...
7th March 1944
The Vienna office of Abwher II finishes Operation Trojan Horse, the plan being to camouflage German troop movements towards Hungary...
7th March 1944 (2)
All the Generals appointed to lead the operation are ordered to the Führer’s headquarters in Berchtesgarten, during the meeting the...
10th March 1944
The Hungarian consul in Vienna reports that five German military divisions are gathering along the border.
13th March 1944
General József Bajnózcy deputy to the Chief of the General Staff sends for Kuno Heribert Fütterer, the German military attaché...
14th March 1944
Thanks to his German connections, Archduke Albrecht was informed of the Margarethe Plan and requested an appointment with the German...
15th March 1944
Hitler invites Miklós Horthy to Klessheim. The Prime Minister Miklós Kállay suggests the invitation be refused, however the Head of...
16th March 1944
In accordance with an agreement between the Office of Strategic Services for the Intelligence Service of the US [OSS], the...
17th March 1944
Regent Miklós Horthy, Ferenc Szombathelyi and Lajos Csatay, Minister of War, travel to Klessheim obviously believing the official German statement...
18th-19th March 1944
Edmund Veesenmayer is ordered by the German Foreign ministry to accompany the Hungarian Regent to the Hungarian capital as Authorised...
20th March 1944
At 11.30am, Edmund Veesenmeyer, Authorised Representative of the Greater German Reich in Hungary, sends for several members of the Hungarian...
20th March 1944 8pm
Veesenmayer invites Döme Sztójay and congratulates him on his advancement to Prime Minister, however Horthy had not yet appointed him...
21-22nd March 1944
The German Foreign Ministry orders the SS to prepare for a “plan B”: the arrest of Horthy. Veesenmayer is required...
23th March 1944
The government is finalised (by Horthy and Veesenmayer). Most of the aforementioned members of the Hungarian Life Party who were...
29th March 1944
Decree No. 1140 / 1944 / ME announced, ordering all those considered to be Jews according to the Marriage Act...
31st March 1944
Decree No. 1200 / 1944 / ME is announced, forbidding employment in Christian households of those considered to be Jews...
31st March 1944 (2)
Decree No. 1210 / 1944 / ME is announced, forbidding employment in the civil sector and as lawyers of those...
31st March 1944 (4)
Decree No. 1220 / 1944 / ME is announced forbidding employment in the film industry and theatres of those considered...
31st March 1944. (5)
Decree No. 1230 / 1944 / ME is announced, ordering those considered to be Jews according to the Marriage Act...
31st March 1944. (6)
Decree No. 1240 / 1944 / ME is announced, requiring those who are considered to be Jews according to the...
4th April 1944.
Decree No. 1600 / 1944 / ME is announced, obliging those who are considered to be Jews according to the...
4th April 1944
Regular bombings by British and American planes start in Hungary.
7th April 1944
Decree No. 6163 / 1944 / BM VII Res.[Confidential] is issued, ordering Jews to be gathered into Ghettos.
Night of 17 – 18th April 1944.
the German Secret Police, the Sicherheitsdienst, arrests General István Újszászy, commander of the Hungarian Military Intelligence. This was the de...
21st March 1944
Horthy meets Sztójay, appoints him Prime Minister, and hands him a list of proposed government members.
28th April 1944
Decree No. 1610 / 1944/ ME is announced ordering the confiscation and distribution of the property of those considered to...
29th April 1944
The Censor gets absolute power over the Hungarian press.
4nd-6th May 1944
In a meeting in Vienna leaders of the Hungarian Csendőr and the German “Sonderkommando” of Budapest finalise the schedule and...
5th May 1944
The first group of arrested Hungarian politicians and aristocrats including György Apponyi, Gusztáv Grátz, Iván Lajos and Rezső [Rudolf] Andorka,...
10th May 1944
Jusztinian Seredi, primate of Hungary protests against the deportation.
12th May 1944
Detailed orders for the deportations are submitted to the corps of the Hungarian Csendőr and the German Sonderkommando. According to...
15th May 1944
The first transports to Auschwitz depart from North-Eastern Hungary, North Transylvania ( Észak-Erdély) and the Carpathian Ukraine [Kárpátalja]. From these...
15th May 1944 (2)
The allied forces attack and break the German-Italian “Gustav line” in Italy.
15th May 1944 (3)
Cardinal Jusztinián Serédi visits the Prime Minister and personally protests against the deportations.
20th May 1944
Decree No 500 / 1944 / BM is announced, banning Jews from restaurants and coffee houses
1st June 1944
Decree No 510 / 1944 / BM is announced, banning those considered to be Jews according to the Marriage Act...
4th June 1944
British and American forces occupy Rome.
16th June 1944
Gathering of the Jews of south-east Hungary [zone IV] into ghettos begins. By the 29th June 40,505 people are collected...
17th June 1944
The Mayor of Budapest orders the Jews of the capital city to move into property acquired through 1600/1944 ME and...
20th June 1940
France capitulates, after which the country is divided, the north is governed directly by Germany while the south remains under...
25th June 1944
Pope Pius XII writes to Regent Horthy in the name of those ‘who are persecuted because of their national or...
26th June 1944
In an official communiqué sent to the Hungarian government via the Swedish embassy in Budapest, President Roosevelt threatens that ‘if...
26th June 1944 (2)
In the Crown Council [a government meeting including the head of state] Regent Horthy requests that the government stop the...
29th June 1944
An encyclical is published by Archbishop Jusztinian Seredi against the deportation. The Minister of Justice confiscates all copies of the...
30th June 1944
From the ghettos of west Hungary [zone V] the relocation of the Jews begins to the deportation centres of the...
30th June 1944 (2)
King Gustav V of Sweden calls on Regent Horthy to ‘behave honourably, according to the traditions of his nation’ with...
30th June 1944 (3)
A train departs for Switzerland from Budapest arranged by Rezső Kasztner, head of the Aid and Rescue committee of the...
1st or 3rd July 1944
Sándor Török, head of the Christian Jewish Council, visits the Royal Palace and hands over the the so-called Auschwitz Report...
7th July 1944
Regent Horthy orders the government to cease all deportations.
6th-8th July 1944
The deportation of the Jews from around Budapest [zone VI] is carried out. Parallel with this Jews of zone V...
15th July 1944
Ignoring Horthy’s order of the 7th July, Eichmann clears the deportation centre camps of Kistarcsa and Rökk Szilard Street [a...
7th August 1944
Horthy dismisses Andor Jaross Home Office Minister responsible for the deportation of the rural Jews; Antal Kunder, Minister of Commerce...
23rd August 1944
According to the ceasefire agreement with the Soviets signed on the 15th June, Michael I, King of Romania, announces in...
25th August 1944
Miklós Horthy dimisses the goverment of Döme Sztójay which had been in power since the day of the German occupation...
26th August 1944
György Bakach-Bessenyei the Hungarian ambassador in Bern, who had failed to convince Horthy a year earlier to turn to the...
29th August 1944
Regent Horthy appoints Géza Lakatos Prime Minister. The new government releases several anti-fascist politicians imprisoned by the Sztojay government and...
31 August 1944
American and French troops take Marseille.
2nd September 1944
The American State Department, through the new Hungarian ambassador in Bern, informs Hungary that it must appeal simultaneously to all...
7th September 1944
Under the leadership of Regent Horthy, a meeting of the Crown Council decides on the conditions of a possible ceasefire...
16th September 1944
Baron Dániel Bánffy suggests in a memo that the Regent propose a ceasefire with the Soviets.
22nd September 1944
On behalf of Regent Horthy, Colonel General István Náday and Artillery General Charles Helfer Howie (who had escaped a German...
24th September 1944
A confidential meeting is held with the Regent’s closest circle which includes his son, Miklós; Gyula Ambrózy, head of the...
6th October 1944
Early in the morning the second Ukrainian front led by Marshal Malinovsky, head of the second Ukrainian army, launches an...
9th October 1944
The conditions of a possible ceasefire are proposed to the Hungarian delegation by the Soviet Foreign Office.
11th October 1944
Major General Gábor Faragho signs the conditions of the ceasefire proposal between the allied forces and the Kingdom of Hungary....
12th October 1944
Soviet troops take Nagyvárad.
13th-14th October 1944
Intense fighting in the area of Berettyóújfalú-Mezőtúr. Gábor Faragho forwards the Soviet demand: the conditions must be fullfilled in 24th...
14th Octber 1944
Major General Gábor Faragho warns the Regent in a telegram that the conditions of the ceasefire agreement must be carried...
15th October 1944
The Skorzeny Unit, a special unit led by Brigadenführer [Major General] Otto Skorzeny and disguised as Yugoslavian partisans, invites Miklós...
16th October 1944
At 6am the 503 Panzer Division, the 22nd SS Cavalry Division and the 502 SS Parachute Division attack the Vár...
18th October 1944 - 29th April 1945
The Regent and his family live in Schloss Hirschberg in Bavaria as Prisoners of War of the German state.
1st May 1945
The beginning of Regent Horthy’s American custody.
8th May 1945
Victory in Europe Day.
24th September 1945
Horthy is taken to Nuremberg to take part as a witness.
1st December 1945
The Regent meets his son Miklós in Nuremberg.
17th December 1945
The Horthy family is reunited.
27th December 1948
The Horthy family depart for Portugal on the cruiser Anna C.